Thankfully, the Centurions are inactive until you either pull the lever on their frame or attack them first, making them a little easier than most other Centurions to deal with. Once inside Blackreach, you will have more room to fight, but also more enemies to contend with, including even more Dwarven Centurions that are just waiting to be activated.
Like most other Dwemer ruins, there are also many Falmer lurking inside the dungeon that can prove to be problematic for unprepared explorers, as they can very easily overwhelm you with sheer numbers, if not the various poisons and magic they like to use. Before entering the main cavern of Blackreach, you will have to contend with multiple Dwarven Spiders and Spheres alongside a couple of Centurions.